Education policies in Pakistan
-
All Pakistan Educational Conference 1947
-
Educational Conference 1951
-
Commission on National Education 1959
-
New Education Policy 1970
-
Education Policy 1972
-
National Education Policy 1979
-
National Education Policy 1992
-
National Education Policy 1998
-
National Education Policy 2009
The recommendations of the policies were reflected in
the following development plans
- Six year Development Plan 1951-57
- First Five Year Plan 1955-60
- Second Five Year Plan 1960-65
- Third Five Year Plan 1965-70
- Fourth Five Year Plan 1970-75
- Fifth Five Year Plan 1978-83
- Sixth Five Year Plan 1983-88
- Seventh Five Year Plan 1988-93
- Eight Five Year Plan 1993-98
- Ninth Five Year Plan 1998-03
Commonality, repetition in the recommendations of
education policies
o
Universalization of
Primary Education
o
Vocationalisation of
secondary education
o
Polytechnics and
technical institutes
o
Provision of female education
o
Scientific and
technological education
o
Quality education at
higher level
Recommendations withheld or with drawn
o
Three year degree
program
o
Nationalization of
private institutions
o
Technical high schools
o
Comprehensive secondary
schools
o
Urdu as medium of
instruction
o
Mosque/Mohallah schools
o
Short courses for
teachers programs
Some Failures of the Plan
o
Un-attainable targets
o
In-adequate financial
provisions
o
Irrational basic
policies
o
Un-expected events
Hurdles/shortcomings in the development of education
in Pakistan
•
Implementation Capacity
•
Unavailability of women
teachers in rural areas
•
Financial constraints
•
Heavy dropout
particularly at primary level
•
Lack of monitoring and
evaluation of Physical financial targets
•
Poorly trained and
unmotivated teachers
•
Centralization of
decision making process
•
Vocationalization of
secondary education
•
Weak teaching specially
science subjects and Maths
•
Poor perception of
problems
•
Marginal role of
education
•
Education suffered
internally and externally
•
Is Education
fundamental right?
•
Lack of integrated
educational planning
•
UPE problem
•
Female participation
•
Lifelong education for
teacher(systematic and regular)
•
Teacher profession
quality emoluments, status of teachers
•
Technical and vocational
education
•
Availability of
resources and mobilization
•
Evolution of education
in the country not encouraging
•
Education role in
national and social development
Suggestions
o
Allocation of 4-5
percent of GNP for education
o
Strengthening of
teaching of science and new disciplines
o
Upgrading of teaching
profession at every level (in term of
quality, efficiency and social recognition)
o
Meaningful
decentralization of educational administration
o
Appointment promotions
based on merit
o
Improvement of physical
facilities of education
Educational Conference, 1947
•
Free and compulsory
education(sp taxes)
•
Preprimary schools in
public sector/private sector
•
Co-educational primary
schools
•
Diversification of
curriculum at secondary level
•
Education with Islamic
thought
•
Urdu medium of
instruction but priority to provincial languages
•
Compulsory physical
education
•
Scientific and
technical education
•
Special subjects to be
introduced
•
Research grants to the
Universities
•
Scientific liaison with
UK and USA and other
National Education Commission, 1959
•
Compulsory Primary
schooling
•
Elimination of
illiteracy
•
Secondary education
(with 3 stages)
•
Transfer of secondary
schools into multi-purpose(comprehensive)
•
Transfer of secondary
schools into multi-purpose(comprehensive)
•
Vocational training
centers for secondary level
•
Universities of
engineering and agriculture to be established
•
Admission in
Universities n cumulative record and aptitude test
•
Transfer of
intermediate classes from the Universities
•
Extension of degree programs
from 2 to 3 years
•
Training of teachers
and evaluation
•
Abolishment of C/L of
teachers
•
Revision of teacher
scale
•
Promotion on the basis
on achievements
•
Separate rooms in
colleges/Uni for private study and students guidance
•
Cafeteria, playgrounds
•
Students teacher
centers to be established
•
Functional economical
school buildings
•
Suitable accommodation
for colleges/Universities teachers
National Education Policy, 1972
•
Functional education
for school leavers and adult
•
Facilities for science,
technical, agriculture trade and economics for secondary schools
•
Private schools to be
nationalized
•
New Universities
•
Selected colleges for
postgraduate programs
•
Open university
•
Private institution to
be nationalized
•
Improvement of pay
scales and service conditions of teachers
•
University teachers
CP,BF and GI
•
Adequate allocation for
gifted students
•
Representation of
teachers in governing bodies
•
Residential
accommodation for universities
•
Students hostel in
colleges/universities
•
Establishment of
recreation and sports centres
•
Provision of scientific
and educational equipment to educational institutions
National Education Policy 1979
•
UPE,
•
Literacy centre
•
Additional subjects at
secondary level
•
Agro technical course
at school level
•
Strengthening science
education
•
No new university
•
Admission on aptitude
test
•
Study leave to
university teachers
•
Teachers training
institution to the university/college/teachers
•
Mobility of qualified
staff among the universities
•
Use of mosque for primary
classes and literacy programs
NATIONAL EDUCATION
POLICY, 1998
•
UPE,
•
VE
•
IT
•
Quality of higher
education
•
To achieve EFA targets
•
Uniform curricula for
public and private schools
•
Establishment of
education service commission
•
New specializations
•
New courses
•
New Universities in
Private sector
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